Concomitant bladder and rectal injuries: Results from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multicenter Rectal Injury Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Combined traumatic injuries to the rectum and bladder are rare. We hypothesized that the combination of bladder and rectal injures would have worse outcomes than rectal injury alone. METHODS: This is an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multi-institutional retrospective study from 2004 to 2015 traumatic rectal injury patients who were admitted to one of 22 participating centers. Demographics, mechanism, and management of rectal injury were collected. Patients who sustained a rectal injury alone were compared with patients who sustained a combined injury to the bladder and rectum. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine if abdominal complications, mortality, and length of stay were impacted by a concomitant bladder injury after adjusting for cofounders. RESULTS: There were 424 patients who sustained a traumatic rectal injury, of which 117 (28%) had a combined injury to the bladder. When comparing the patients with a combined bladder/rectal injury to the rectal alone group, there was no difference in admission demographics admission physiology, or Injury Severity Score. There were also no differences in management of the rectal injury and no difference in abdominal complications (13% vs. 16%, p = 0.38), mortality (3% vs. 2%, p = 0.68), or length of stay (17 days vs. 21 days, p = 0.10). When looking at only the 117 patients with a combined injury, the addition of a colostomy did not significantly decrease the rate of abdominal complications (14% vs. 8%, p = 0.42), mortality (3% vs. 0%, p = 0.99), or length of stay (17 days vs. 17 days, p = 0.94). After adjusting for cofounders (AAST rectal injury grade, sex, damage-control surgery, diverting colostomy, and length of stay) the presence of a bladder injury did not impact outcomes. CONCLUSION: For patients with traumatic rectal injury, a concomitant bladder injury does not increase the rates of abdominal complications, mortality, or length of stay. Furthermore, the addition of a diverting colostomy for management of traumatic bladder and rectal injury does not change outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV; prognostic/therapeutic.

[Appendicovesicostomy (Mitrofanoff procedure) in children: Long-term follow-up and specific complications]. / Dérivations urinaires continentes trans-conduit selon Mitrofanoff chez l'enfant : suivi à long terme et complications spécifiques.

OBJECTIVE: In children, intermittent catheterization by appendicovesicostomy according to Mitrofanoff is an interesting alternative to the urethral approach. Objective of the study was to evaluate the rate of appendicovesicostomy's specific complications. METHOD: From 1997 to 2017, data on children treated and followed for an appendicovesicostomy in an academic institution were collected retrospectively. Rates of surgical complications specifically encountered on appendicovesicostomy, time of onset, frequency, and necessity of surgical reinterventions have been reported. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were operated on and followed for a median of 6.2 years [0.3-24]. Fifty percent had a complication, occurring after a median of 8 months [2-90], and 38% required at least one surgical revision. If complication occurred, adjustment of medical treatment and intermittent catheterization was effective in 12% of patients, endoscopic or over-fascial surgery was necessary in 17% of cases, and under-fascial revision in 21% of cases. Median time to complication was 4 months [1-90] after creation or revision of appendicovesicostomy. Thirty-height percent of difficult channel catheterization were reported, of which 46% were over or under-fascial stenosis. Inaugural urinary incontinence was 18%, and only 9% if using the appendix. At the end, 97% of appendicovesicostomy were continent. CONCLUSIONS: Appendicovesicostomy is a high risk of complications and postoperative revisions surgery, in order to have a functional continent channel. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

National risk factors and estimated costs for redo ureteroneocystostomy after pediatric renal transplant.

Approximately 800 pediatric renal transplants are performed annually in the United States. VUR or obstruction may cause graft failure requiring redo ureteroneocystostomy. We examined possible risk factors and cost using the PHIS national database. We examined the PHIS for 8.5 yr to determine the association between redo ureteroneocystostomy following pediatric renal transplant to demographics, comorbidities, GU conditions, insurance status, and hospital characteristics, and looked at relative costs using descriptive and comparative statistics. A total of 2390 pediatric renal transplants were identified, of which 69 (2.3%) underwent redo ureteroneocystostomy (median 11.6 months post-transplant). Risk factors for redo ureteroneocystostomy are younger age (p = 0.048), PUVs (p < 0.001), female gender (p = 0.005), race (p = 0.014), insurance type (p < 0.027), region (p = 0.045), and transplant surgery volume (p = 0.048). Redo ureteroneocystostomy after transplant does not significantly increase the overall cost of transplant (p = 0.175). We confirmed previous findings that younger age and PUVs increase the risk of post-transplant redo ureteroneocystostomy, with a five-yr plateau. We found an association with gender, race, insurance status, and hospital characteristics. Redo ureteroneocystostomy, which increases costs, does not statistically significantly increase overall cost of individual treatment in this database, although costs may be underreported.

Decreasing suprapubic tube-related injuries: results of case series and comprehensive literature review.

Bowel-related injuries are known complications of suprapubic tube (SPT) catheterization placement. A literature review was conducted to determine identifiable risk factors for bowel injury. Results on the analysis of 25 cases are presented along with a proposed algorithm to aid in choosing between open, percutaneous, and image-guided methods of placement.

Outcomes and quality of life of adults undergoing continent catheterizable vesicostomy for neurogenic bladder.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the functional outcomes and quality of life of adult patients with neurogenic bladders who had undergone Casale Spiral Monti vesicostomy. METHODS: Twelve patients who underwent Casale Spiral Monti vesicostomy from May 1999 to December 2004 were evaluated with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey to assess for postoperative quality of life. Complications and patient reported continence were also documented. RESULTS: The 12 patients (mean age 27.4 years) were followed up for a mean of 2.8 years. All 12 reported excellent urinary continence after the procedure, with only 7 patients who had the capacity to self-catheterize. Two patients reported wearing one light pad per day over the stoma. Two patients required one endoscopic dilation each for stomal stenosis, and one patient was readmitted 3 weeks postoperatively for the management of paralytic ileus. Eight patients reported no urinary tract infection since the operation. All 12 patients reported being very satisfied with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have demonstrated that Casale Spiral Monti vesicostomy can have dramatic positive effects on the quality of life in adults with a neurogenic bladder by granting them social independence, convenient bladder management, and excellent continence rates.

Complications of chronic indwelling urinary catheters.

Chronic indwelling catheters are used to manage urinary retention, especially in the presence of urethral obstruction, and to facilitate healing of incontinence-related skin breakdown. These indwelling foreign bodies become coated and sometimes obstructed by biofilm laden with bacteria and struvite crystals. Bacteria invariably colonize the system and may invade the blood stream following trauma or obstruction. Staff should maintain a closed, dependent system to avoid introducing new organisms and be vigilant for the development of obstruction, avoid trauma, and consider chronic catheters and drainage bags to be potential sources of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for secretion containment and when antibiotics are selected for empiric therapy. Suprapubic catheters should be considered when urethral catheters are associated with discomfort or periurethral suppurative complications, especially in males.

Bladder management and risk of bladder stone formation in spinal cord injured patients.

PURPOSE: We determined by statistical analysis whether method of management is associated with risk of bladder stone formation in spinal cord injured patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed of 457 patients admitted to Stoke Mandeville Hospital Spinal Injuries Center between 1985 and 1990 with more than 6 months of followup. Analysis included Cox regression and Poisson regression. RESULTS: Relative to those patients treated with intermittent self-catheterization, the hazard ratio was 10.5 (p <0.0005, 95% confidence interval 4.0-27.5) for patients with suprapubic catheters and it was 12.8 (p <0.0005, 95% confidence interval 5.1-31.9) for those with indwelling urethral catheters. The absolute annual risk of stone formation in patients with a catheter was 4% compared with 0.2% for those on intermittent self-catheterization. However, having formed a stone, the risk of forming a subsequent stone quadrupled to 16% per year. Bladder stones were no more likely to form in patients with suprapubic catheters compared to those with indwelling urethral catheters (hazard ratio 1.2, p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: In spinal cord injured patients long-term catheterization is associated with a substantial increased risk of bladder stone formation. This increased risk occurs independently of age, sex and injury level. Degree of injury (complete or incomplete) was considered in the model. Catheter type (suprapubic or urethral) did not change this risk significantly if at all.

Ureteroneocystostomy without urethral catheterization shortens hospital stay without compromising postoperative success.

PURPOSE: We determine whether routinely performing catheterless ureteroneocystostomy would minimize hospital stays without compromising postoperative outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 1996 and February 2002 patients who underwent ureteroneocystostomy at a single major tertiary care institution were identified. Patients who underwent additional, simultaneous surgical procedures were excluded from the study. Data recorded included patient demographics, reflux grade, use of a bladder catheter, length of hospital stay, medication use, postoperative complications and subsequent rehospitalization. RESULTS: Of the 300 patients included in the study 266 were girls and 34 were boys, with a median age of 4 years (range 3 months to 19 years). Reimplantation was bilateral in 215 cases and unilateral in 85. Reflux was grade I in 1% of cases, grade II in 18%, grade III in 47%, grade IV in 25% and grade V in 9%. Similar distributions were observed among the 76 patients who received bladder catheters and the 224 who did not. The average length of postoperative hospitalization for patients who received catheters compared to those who did not was 2.1 versus 1.4 days (p <0.001), and the rate of prolonged hospitalization are 18% versus 5%, respectively (p <0.01). Postoperative complication rates were 17% versus 8% (p <0.05) for patients who received catheters compared to those who did not. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of rehospitalization whether urethral catheters were used (1.3% vs 4.9%, respectively, p = 0.07). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of either ketorolac or oxybutynin used by patients who received catheters compared to those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical repair of vesicoureteral reflux via catheterless ureteroneocystostomy can reduce hospital stay without adversely affecting complication rates, rehospitalization rates and the amount of medications needed postoperatively.

Revisión del manejo de las lesiones vesicales por traumatismo penetrante: a propósito de un caso / Revision of the management of the vesicles injuries by penetring injuries: a purpose of a case

Las lesiones del aparato genitourinario son motivo de consulta frecuente en la emergencia; de todos los traumatismo abdominales 10 a 15 por ciento se asocian con lesiones urinarias o genitales. Expondremos el caso de un paciente con traumatismo penetrante abdominal por arma de fuego que cursó con lesión de vejiga tipo II y revisaremos la literatura actual sobre las pautas para el manejo y posibles complicaciones que frecuentemente se presentan

Infección urinaria neonatal: utilidad del examen general de orina y del urocultivo obtenido con bolsa colectora de plástico / Neonatal urinary infection: usefulness of the general urine test and uroculture obtained with a plastic collection bag

Introducción. La infección de vías urinarias (IVU) en recién nacidos es una enfermedad sujeta a errorres de interpretación, determinados generalmente por deficiencias en las técnicas de recolección de orina. Objetivos. 1. Evaluar la utilidad de urocultivo tomado mediante bolsa colectora de plástico, comparando los resultados bacteriológicos con los obtenidos mediante la técnica de punción suprapúbica. 2. Correlacionar las alteraciones del examen general de orina (EGO) con la infección urinaria y 3. Establecer la frecuencia de IVU nosocomial en la Undiad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN). Material y métodos. Se tomaron urocultivos pareados (mediante bolsa colectora de orina y punción suprapúbica) a su llegada y semanalmente a todos los neonatos que ingresaron a la UCIN en un período de seis meses. Se tomó parte de la orina de la bolsa para realizar simultaneamente el EGO. Resultados. Se estudiaron 106 urocultivos de 40 neonatos. Las tasas de IVU a su llegada y nosocomial fueron cada una del 2.5 por ciento. Dos urocultivos tomados mediante punción suprapúbica resultaron positivos, considerándose a estos 2 pacientes como los que verdaderamente cursaron con IVU; en ambos casos el urocultivo tomado por bolsa colectora correlacionó con el mismo germen y las cuenta bacteriana fueron parecidas. Cuatro pacientes tuvieron cultivos positivos en las muestras tomadas por bolsa de plástico, sin desarrollo en el urocultivo por punción. Los gérmenes encontrados fueron: 2 casos con grampositivos y en otros 2 casos gramnegativos, todos con cuentas bajas de colonias. La técnica de bolsa colectora de plástico tuvo sensibilidad del 100 por ciento y especificidad de 92 por ciento, con valor predictivo positivo de sólo 33 por ciento y valor predictivo negativo de 100 por ciento. Los resultados del EGO fueron normales en sólo 16/53 (30 por ciento) de los urocultivos pareados. Presentaron alteraciones moderadas (trazas de proteinuria, eritrocituria y/o glucosuria) 24 de los 53 (45 por ciento) y los 13 restantes (25 por ciento), mostraron grandes anormalidades. La leucocituria, mostró sensibilidad de 0 por ciento, especificidad de 96 por ciento, con idénticos valores predictivos positivo y negativo (0 y 96 por ciento respectivamente)...

Vejiga neurogénica por mielomeningocele: evaluación y tratamiento inicial / Neurogenic bladder by myelomeningocele: evaluation and first treatment

En 1992 creamos un protocolo para estudio, control y tratamiento inicial de pacientes con Mielorneningocele. A la fecha hemos recibido 33 pacientes nuevos, 27 de ellos durante los primeros meses de vida. 65 por ciento fueron mujeres. El estudio inicial consistió en Ecografía, Uretrocistografía y estudio Urodinámico. Se clasificó como paciente de riesgo aquellos que se presentaron con Hidronefrosis en Ecografía y/o Reflujo Vesicoureterál en U.C.G. y/o alta presión intravesical en Urodinamia. Este grupo lo constituyeron 17 pacientes, en los cuales el tratamiento de elección fue el cateterismo intermitente (C.I.). En 4, que no era posible realizar este procedimiento, se prefirió hacer vesicostomía inicial, en otros 4 estando en C.I. se observó aumento de hidronefrosis o I.T.U. recurrente, por lo cual, se procedió a realizar derivación urinaria. El seguimiento fue principalmente en base a Ecografía a los 3, 6 y 12 meses y luego semestral, U.C.G. al año y urodinamia si existía sospecha de cambio de esta. En la actualidad todos los pacientes tienen riñones dentro de límites normales, menos uno con displasía renal inicial. Incluso 15 que se presentaron con hidronefrosis en algún momento de su evolución, ésta se encuentra muy disminuida o desaparecida

Valvas de uretra anterior: causas de obstrucción infravesical / Anterior urethral valves as a cause of infravesical obstruction

Las valvas de uretra anterior como causa de obstrucción infravesical congénita son poco frecuentes en niños, pues se informan 47 casos en la literatura. En éste informe se presentan forma de aparición, evaluación sistemática, conductas terapéuticas y resultados obtenidos. El uso de vesicostomía en el periodo neonatal previene las potenciales complicaciones con el uso de eletrofulguración transuretral que pueden ocurrir por el tamaño pequeño de la uretra. Así mismo, se ofrece la clasificación de las valvas de uretra anterior de conformidad con los hallazgos radiográficos

[Single-stitch extravesical ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation (Taguchi's technic)]. / Ureteroneocistostomía extravesical con punto único en el trasplante renal (técnica de Taguchi).

Presentation of our experience with single access extravesical ureteroneocystostomy in 79 renal transplants performed over a 2-year interval. Description of the surgical technique, a modification of that described by Taguchi in 1968. The complications were 2 urinary fistulae (2.52%), one ureteral and one vesical, both at the beginning of the series and related to technical errors. There were no stenosis and in the 4 cases where CUMS was conducted no reflux vas noted. We conclude that this technique is useful for its simplicity, speed and good results.

[Transvesical ureteroneocystostomy: the assessment of vesicoureteral reflux in the kidney transplant]. / Ureteroneocistostomía transvesical: valoración del reflujo vésicoureteral en el trasplante renal.

In 51 heterotopic renal transplants performed in our setting, the continuity of the urinary tract was achieved by transvesical ureteroneocystostomy utilizing the Politano-Leadbetter and Paquin techniques. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in patients submitted to the foregoing techniques. Reflux was observed in only 1 (2.32%) of the 43 patients who were evaluated by voiding cystography. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was observed in 27 patients (62.7%). Of these, 5 (18.5%) had acute pyelonephritis. Most of the patients with no evidence of vesicoureteric reflux presented urinary tract infection (96.3%). The transvesical techniques achieved a low reflux rate. No difference was observed relative to the incidence of reflux for one or the other technique. No relationship could be established between VUR and UTI. Evaluation is warranted in patients with recurrent UTI that is refractory to antibiotic therapy or deterioration of renal function that cannot be ascribed to other causes.